Rheinbund
Established Nation
The Eiffellandian biopharmaceutical industry consists of four branches:
- Pharmaceutics;
- Medical devices;
- Medical equipment and equipment for laboratories;
- Contract Research Organisations.
Pharmaceutics
Novartis produces and invents antibiotics, antiviral medications, medications for Asthma and COPD, antiflogistics, dermatologica, vaccines, coagulants, anticoagulants, heart medications, medications for haematologic diseases, bowel medications, bandages, medications for endocrinological diseases, cancer medications, psychopharmaca, pain killers and products for dentistry.Novartis is also very active on the tooth paste and tooth brushes market. It cooperates with Rowenta (part of the Rathenau Gruppe) for the production of electric tooth brushes.
Medical devices
Medtronic produces and invents pacemakers, bone reconstruction materials (nowadays mainly bone cement), other medical implants like medication pumps, and infusion pumps.A recent invention is a chip technique with which neck fracture patients can move a cursor on a computer screen. The chip is implanted on the motocortex of the brain, and the patient controls the computer by imagining that he is moving his fingers and/or arms.
Hospital and laboratory equipment
Eppendorf is the company in this sector. It produces all kinds of laboratory and hospital equipment, for instance injection needles, infusion needles, micropipettes, ELISA equipment, cell separation techniques, micro-infusion techniques on cell level, X-ray equipment, CT scan equipment, MRI scan equipment, PET scan equipment, endoscopy equipment, FACS equipment, ECG equipment, echography equipment, defibrillators and so on.Where the CT-scan and the MRI-scan can make pictures of the anatomy, the PET-scan makes it possible to investigate the physiology by following radioactively labeled substances in the body of the patient. The labeled substance emits positrones, which are detected by the scan. An implementation for this technique is the following. Heart muscle tissue usually takes fatty acids to metabolise, but it can also run on glucose. If you want to know if a piece of the heart after a narrowing in the coronary artery is still alive, then you look if that piece of the heart takes up the labeled glucose molecules. If YES, then you prepare for a heart operation. If NO, then you know that an operation won't cure your patient.Eppendorf also equips the MEDEVAC planes, used to carry severely wounded people. These planes are even equipped with Intensive Care Units.
Contract research organisations
It is always difficult to conduct a clinical study with a new medication properly. Generally, regulatory authorities are not very easy in accepting new medications. The dramas around Softenone (Thalidomide) and DES told us that we have to be careful with introducing new medicines. Parexel is a full-service Contract Research Organisation for the pharmaceutical industry. It has much experience in conducting Phase I, II, III and IV studies. The following services are offered: - Protocol writing. - CRF design. - Database construction. - Shipment of trial medication. - Investigator recruitment. - Randomisation of patients. - Monitoring. - Datamanagement. - Serious Adverse Event reconciliation. - Quality assurance. - Statistical analysis. - Medical writing. We also detach project managers, CRAs, datamanagers, SAS-programmers, statisticians, medical writers and auditors. We can manage both paper and EDC studies. And of course, we can manage complete studies. The system we use for datamanagement, is ClinPlus Data Management (CPDM), based on the database system SAS.
- Pharmaceutics;
- Medical devices;
- Medical equipment and equipment for laboratories;
- Contract Research Organisations.
Pharmaceutics
Novartis produces and invents antibiotics, antiviral medications, medications for Asthma and COPD, antiflogistics, dermatologica, vaccines, coagulants, anticoagulants, heart medications, medications for haematologic diseases, bowel medications, bandages, medications for endocrinological diseases, cancer medications, psychopharmaca, pain killers and products for dentistry.Novartis is also very active on the tooth paste and tooth brushes market. It cooperates with Rowenta (part of the Rathenau Gruppe) for the production of electric tooth brushes.
Medical devices
Medtronic produces and invents pacemakers, bone reconstruction materials (nowadays mainly bone cement), other medical implants like medication pumps, and infusion pumps.A recent invention is a chip technique with which neck fracture patients can move a cursor on a computer screen. The chip is implanted on the motocortex of the brain, and the patient controls the computer by imagining that he is moving his fingers and/or arms.
Hospital and laboratory equipment
Eppendorf is the company in this sector. It produces all kinds of laboratory and hospital equipment, for instance injection needles, infusion needles, micropipettes, ELISA equipment, cell separation techniques, micro-infusion techniques on cell level, X-ray equipment, CT scan equipment, MRI scan equipment, PET scan equipment, endoscopy equipment, FACS equipment, ECG equipment, echography equipment, defibrillators and so on.Where the CT-scan and the MRI-scan can make pictures of the anatomy, the PET-scan makes it possible to investigate the physiology by following radioactively labeled substances in the body of the patient. The labeled substance emits positrones, which are detected by the scan. An implementation for this technique is the following. Heart muscle tissue usually takes fatty acids to metabolise, but it can also run on glucose. If you want to know if a piece of the heart after a narrowing in the coronary artery is still alive, then you look if that piece of the heart takes up the labeled glucose molecules. If YES, then you prepare for a heart operation. If NO, then you know that an operation won't cure your patient.Eppendorf also equips the MEDEVAC planes, used to carry severely wounded people. These planes are even equipped with Intensive Care Units.
Contract research organisations
It is always difficult to conduct a clinical study with a new medication properly. Generally, regulatory authorities are not very easy in accepting new medications. The dramas around Softenone (Thalidomide) and DES told us that we have to be careful with introducing new medicines. Parexel is a full-service Contract Research Organisation for the pharmaceutical industry. It has much experience in conducting Phase I, II, III and IV studies. The following services are offered: - Protocol writing. - CRF design. - Database construction. - Shipment of trial medication. - Investigator recruitment. - Randomisation of patients. - Monitoring. - Datamanagement. - Serious Adverse Event reconciliation. - Quality assurance. - Statistical analysis. - Medical writing. We also detach project managers, CRAs, datamanagers, SAS-programmers, statisticians, medical writers and auditors. We can manage both paper and EDC studies. And of course, we can manage complete studies. The system we use for datamanagement, is ClinPlus Data Management (CPDM), based on the database system SAS.